Color image reproduction of the printing process is accomplished by color decomposition, transfer, and combination. The operator uses the scanner, the display and the software equipped with it to decompose the color image on the original into four color separation films of C, M, Y, and K; and then print the image on the four color separation films. The information is transferred to the printing plate respectively, and then the graphic information on the printing plate is overlapped on the surface of the paper by the printing machine (or proofing machine) to form a duplicate color image. In this copying process, we hope to obtain the best color and level reproduction for the purpose of faithful reproduction. Since it is a copy, there will inevitably be differences, especially the difference in color.
The main reason for the difference in color is: in the pre-press production process, due to the difference in the digital camera, scanner, color desktop color separation system, display, digital proofing machine, etc. for acquiring and processing the original graphic information, and matching with it The difference in software performance causes the original image colors to be in the same RGB color module, but they display different color gamuts. At the same time, the RGB color module is only suitable for the medium of color light display. For example, the ink of CMYK color module is used to copy the image. The RGB color module must first be converted into CMYK color module, and the color gamut of the two is completely different. With the compensation and effective control, it is difficult to solve the chromatic aberration problem generated in the color reproduction process.
In the printing process, due to the color characteristics and printing suitability of printing equipment, ink (environmental technical modification of printing ink), paper printing suitability, dot enlargement rate, ink balance and other factors, it will inevitably lead to the color difference of the copied image. . Therefore, the problem of chromatic aberration generated in the actual printing process has attracted everyone's attention, and we have tried to reduce or eliminate the factors and conditions that cause chromatic aberration; but how to improve and control each process and step in the whole copying process The change of color, the operation of standardizing each step, that is, color management, has not caused enough attention of everyone, and there is a deviation in understanding. Color management refers to the color relationship between color image input and output or media. When converting, it compensates for the color distortion caused by the input and output devices, and allows the color data to be converted in a repeatable manner, so that the information transmission of various equipments and equipments matches each other. , to achieve "what you see is what you get", to truly reproduce the original color. At present, disputes between printers and customers due to chromatic aberration often occur. If the responsibility is entirely borne by the printing house, it is unfair, and the cause of the error should be carefully analyzed to be attributable to whom. But no matter what, because the above factors causing the chromatic aberration exist objectively, as the printing factory should solve the chromatic aberration in production, it must strengthen its own color management. So how to strengthen color management? We should start from the following aspects: First, we should do a good job of pre-press equipment and calibration of various processes, including scanning black and white field, gray balance calibration and display brightness, contrast, saturation calibration.
Second, a profile is created for the color rendering performance of the device. The so-called characterization is to use the digital method to describe the color rendering performance of the equipment and equipment, and to describe the color space with an appropriate curve or color scheme to establish the color trace file of the equipment. The characterization file mainly has scanner characterization and display characterization.
Again, you need to manage the color conversion color space. There are two aspects to the management of color conversion color space: the first is the conversion of colors. The color conversion is based on a one-to-one mapping relationship between different colors in different color spaces, and the color space color on one device is converted into the color space under another known condition. Usually, the color gamut of the output device is generally smaller than the color gamut of the original, scanner, and display. Therefore, during the copying process, the gamut of the original must be compressed into the color gamut of the output device. This color conversion can be done manually by correcting the image or automatically using a color management file. The second is color space compression conversion. Usually the color gamut of the display RGB is much wider than the color gamut of the proofer (or printer). Moreover, the mapping relationship is also affected by the characteristics of the ambient light source, printing ink, and paper. Therefore, when converting from RGB color space to CMYK color space, the photo method is usually adopted, which is mainly used for color conversion of continuous photo adjustment; The original distribution of color changes makes the image network area 0% dot, and the real area 100% dot. The second is the light color method, also known as colorimetric coloring. It is widely used in foreign printing fields. When used, the light color blocks of different dot proportions are placed on the outer edge of the image to check the color change of the color blocks. The third is the advertising method, which is suitable for bright and saturated pictures, and is mostly used for advertising production. This color conversion does not pursue the color matching of the printing room, but focuses on the advertising effect and exaggerates the publicity effect.
Color management has always played a very important role in the reproduction of color images. Only through effective color management can each step of the copy control the change of color, and accurately and stably reproduce the color, so that the final printed image color is close to the original. Therefore, we must pay attention to the color management of the printing industry.
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