Injuries in outdoor sports are sometimes difficult to avoid. But you are hurt. What would you do? Don't panic, here's a little information that users have summarized, I hope you won't use it.
1, trauma:
The body is torn or damaged by external forces. There are many causes of trauma, depending on whether there are wounds or not, they can be divided into open and closed categories.
1-1, closed trauma: caused by blunt force, no skin, body surface mucosa rupture, common bruises and sprains.
1-1-a, contusion: blunt force caused by the skin and subcutaneous soft tissue damage, skin without cracks, bruising injury, subcutaneous bleeding, swelling, tenderness. Light wounds can be used outside the injury area. For thoracoabdominal contusion and head contusion, consider whether there is a deep hematoma or visceral injury bleeding, it should be to the hospital for observation and diagnosis.
1-1-b. Sprains: Sprains often occur in the ankle, waist, neck, and wrists. The general treatment principle of sprain is to allow the patient to stabilize emotions, fix the injured area, and cover the affected area with cold and damp cloth. Sprained hands and feet can raise the affected area. Neck and waist sprained people cannot move the affected part while carrying. Sprains often accompanied by dislocation or fracture related to the joint, should immediately go to the hospital for treatment. In addition, regardless of the severity of the sprains, they should not be bathed and massaged indiscriminately and must be sent to the hospital for treatment. The commonly used treatments for sprains are partial closure (using 0.25% to 0.5% procaine), external application of drugs, physical therapy and so on.
1-2. Open trauma: Most of them are caused by sharp instruments and firearms. A few can be caused by blunt force. Frequently, skin and body surface mucosa break down.
1-2-a, cuts: shallow wounds are rinsed with warm water or normal saline, dried, sterilized with iodine or alcohol, stopped bleeding, or sprayed on the wound with a "quickly fast" spray, and then are usually dressed. Faster recovery. Use a band-aid on a small wound. For deeper wounds, hemostasis should be immediately oppressed, and hospital debridement should be performed at a rapid rate, depending on the condition of the injury. Scald wounds should not be coated with drugs such as ointment, otherwise the wound will be difficult to heal.
1-2-b, stab wound: should first clean the wound, use the sterilized needle and tweezers, remove the foreign body, and then sterilize the wound after dressing. Foreign body stays in the body to facilitate pyogenic infection. For those with small wounds and less bleeding, it is better to squeeze out some blood from the wound. The fingernail stab wound is not easy to handle. You can first cut the nail into a V-shaped mouth and pull out the thorn. Or to the hospital. If it is left in the body by needles, metal sheets, etc., it should be taken to the hospital under X-ray. Deep wounds may have deep tissue damage, often with concurrent infections, and may be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. Defective stab wounds should prevent tetanus and should be given intramuscular injection of tetanus antitoxin.
1-3 general treatment principles of trauma:
For patients with massive bleeding, it is advisable to take hemostasis first; for small wounds such as cutting wounds or stab wounds, if small amounts of blood can be squeezed out, bacteria and dust can be excreted; the wound should be cleaned with clean water, and it cannot be thoroughly cleaned. Wounds must be covered with a clean cloth and not covered directly with cotton or toilet paper.
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