The structure of ordinary optical microscope is mainly divided into three parts: mechanical part, lighting part and optical part.
â—† Mechanical part
(2) Mirror column: It is the upright part on the mirror base, which is used to connect the mirror base and the mirror arm.
(3) Mirror arm: one end is connected to the mirror column, and the other end is connected to the lens barrel, which is the part of the hand when holding the microscope.
(4) Lens tube: connected to the front and upper part of the lens arm, the upper end of the lens tube is equipped with an eyepiece, and the lower end is equipped with an objective lens converter.
(5) The objective lens converter (rotator) is abbreviated as "rotator": it is connected to the bottom of the prism shell and can be rotated freely. There are 3-4 circular holes on the disc. It is the part where the objective lens is installed. When the knocking sound is heard, the objective lens can be observed. At this time, the optical axis of the objective lens is just aligned with the center of the through hole, and the optical path is connected. After changing the objective lens, it is not allowed to use coarse adjusters, only fine adjusters to make the image clear.
(6) Mirror stage (object stage): Under the lens barrel, there are square and round shapes for placing slide specimens. There is a light hole in the center. The microscope used in our microscope is equipped with a slide specimen pusher ( Slider), there is a spring clip on the left side of the pusher to hold the slide specimen, and there is a pusher adjustment wheel under the stage to make the slide specimen move in the left and right and front and back directions.
(7) Adjuster: It is two sizes of spiral mounted on the mirror column, and the mirror table is moved up and down during adjustment.
①Coarse adjuster (coarse quasi-focus spiral): the large helix is ​​called coarse adjuster, which can make the stage move up and down quickly when moving, so it can quickly adjust the distance between the objective lens and the specimen to make the object image appear in the field of view, Usually when using a low magnification lens, first use the coarse adjuster to quickly find the object image.
â‘¡Fine adjuster (fine quasi-focus spiral): the small spiral is called a fine adjuster, and the stage can be slowly raised and lowered when moving. It is mostly used when using a high magnification lens to obtain a clearer object image, and to observe the different levels and Structures of different depths.
â—† Lighting
Installed under the stage, including reflectors and light collectors.
(1) Reflector: It is installed on the lens base and can rotate in any direction. It has flat and concave sides. Its function is to reflect the light from the light source to the condenser, and then illuminate the specimen through the through hole. The concave mirror condenses the light It has a strong effect and is suitable for use when the light is weak, and the flat lens has a weak focusing effect and is suitable for use when the light is strong.
(2) The concentrator (concentrator) is located on the concentrator frame under the stage, and is composed of a condensing lens and an aperture. Its function is to concentrate the light on the specimen to be observed.
â‘ Condenser lens: It is composed of one or several lenses, which can converge the light, strengthen the illumination of the specimen, and let the light enter the objective lens. There is an adjustment screw next to the lens column. Turn it to raise and lower the condenser to adjust the field of view The intensity of light.
â‘¡Aperture (Iridescent Aperture): Under the condenser, it is composed of dozens of metal sheets, and a handle is extended on the outside, and it can be adjusted to adjust the size of the opening to adjust the amount of light.
â—† Optical part
(1) Eyepiece: It is installed on the upper end of the lens barrel, usually equipped with 2-3, with 5 ×, 10 × or 15 × symbols engraved on it to indicate its magnification, generally 10 × eyepiece.
(2) Objective lens: mounted on the rotator at the lower end of the lens barrel, there are generally 3-4 objective lenses, of which the shortest engraved with "10 ×" symbol is a low power lens, and the longer one is engraved with "40 ×" symbol It is a high magnification lens. The longest engraved with "100 ×" symbol is an oil lens. In addition, a circle of different color lines is often added to the high magnification lens and the oil lens to show the difference.
The magnification of the microscope is the product of the magnification of the objective lens and the magnification of the eyepiece. For example, if the objective lens is 10 × and the eyepiece is 10 ×, the magnification is 10 × 10 = 100.
The length of the microscope eyepiece is negatively correlated with magnification, and the length of the objective lens is positively correlated with magnification. That is, the longer the eyepiece length, the lower the magnification; the longer the objective lens length, the higher the magnification.
Beijing Zhongxian Hengye Instrument Co., Ltd.
Beijing Zhongxian Dingsheng Technology Co., Ltd.
Contact: Yang Panpan
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