Many people think that cracks in solid wood furniture are due to temperature. The real reason is actually from humidity, not temperature. This is a common misunderstanding.
Cracking of solid wood furniture is an extremely bad experience for many consumers and manufacturers. Many customers do not believe that such expensive mahogany furniture will have this problem. In the case of not understanding the reasons, the customer first mostly classified the reason as "fake" goods, or the manufacturer's production process has a problem.
1 Why does solid wood furniture crack?
In fact, there are many reasons why furniture cracks. It depends on the specific situation and cannot be generalized:
1, caused by wood properties
As long as it is made of real wood, it is normal to have a slight crack, and the wood is the same, and the non-cracking wood does not exist. It will usually crack slightly, but it will not burst, crack, and repair it with a little repair.
2, the process is not in place
Solid wood materials can't be used directly for furniture. The plates must be dried before processing. This is an important step to avoid cracking of mahogany furniture. Now there are many manufacturers, because of equipment, cost and other issues, there is no strict drying treatment. , or the drying time after drying is insufficient for production.
3, improper maintenance and use
Even in the case of normal drying, if it is caused by external factors, it may cause cracking. For example, in the cold winter weather in the north, there is heating in the house. If the wooden furniture is baked close to the heating for a long time, or if the maintenance is not taken care of during the summer, Exposure to the sun in the hot sun, this can easily lead to wooden furniture bursting and deformation, thus affecting the service life of wooden furniture.
2 How to deal with solid wood furniture after cracking?
As long as the solid wood furniture is subjected to formal and strict drying treatment, the cracking will not be obvious. Even if there is cracking, it is a very small slit, which usually does not affect the use.
If the cracking is not serious, sandpaper can be used to grind around the crack. The finely ground fine powder is collected and buried in the crack and sealed with glue.
The following video shows how to repair cracks in mahogany furniture with glue, sandpaper and sawdust, which is very simple and practical. The method is also applicable to the treatment of cracks in the mahogany category crafts such as pen holders and ornaments.
If the crack is more serious, you need to contact the dealer to send a professional furniture repair master to repair.
3 "Culprit" of cracking and deformation of solid wood furniture
Although the cause of cracking of mahogany furniture is multi-faceted, the woodiness of "dry shrinkage and swelling" is the "culprit" that causes the furniture to deform and crack: when the air is extremely dry, the furniture will lose moisture and shrink. Conversely, when the humidity increases, the furniture absorbs slightly swelling of the water.
1. Moisture in wood
There are three main types, namely free water, adsorbed water and combined water. Free water is the water that exists in the cell cavity and cell gap of the wood. The change of free water is only related to the apparent density, preservation, flammability and dryness of the wood;
The adsorbed water is the water adsorbed between the fine fibers in the cell wall, and the change of the adsorbed water is the main factor affecting the strength and expansion and contraction of the wood. The combined water is the combined water in the wood, which does not change at normal temperature, so it has no effect on the properties of the wood.
When there is no free water in the wood and the adsorbed water in the cell wall reaches saturation, the moisture content of the wood at this time is called the fiber saturation point, which is the turning point of the change of wood properties. The value varies depending on the species, temperature, and method of measurement. Usually, 30% is used as the average value of the moisture content of each tree species.
2. What is the moisture content of wood?
Wood and its products under normal conditions will have a certain amount of water. In China, the percentage of the moisture content in wood and the weight of wood after drying is defined as the moisture content of wood.
The water content can be calculated based on the weight of the whole dry wood, and the calculated value is called the absolute moisture content, and is simply referred to as the water content (W, %). Calculation formula:
W=(Gs-Ggo)/ Ggo×100%
Where: W—the absolute moisture content of the wood;
Gs - wet wood weight;
Ggoo - the weight of the dry material.
3. The importance of wood moisture content
Why do some wooden furniture, wooden doors, wooden floors and other wood products have cracking, deformation and other quality problems after they are sold out? How to reduce the loss of these problems to the enterprise?
After the wood products are finished, the shape and material will not change. At this time, the key factors determining the intrinsic quality of the wood products are the wood moisture content and the drying stress.
Manufacturing companies need to correctly grasp the moisture content of wood products. When the wood product reaches an equilibrium moisture content, the wood at this time is the least susceptible to cracking.
Distributors selling wood products should also check the moisture content of the products they sell and master the quality status of the products they sell. Manufacturers with good product quality, all manufacturers who pay attention to product quality will test the moisture content of their products.
4, the swelling and shrinkage of wood
The wet and dry shrinkage deformation of wood is caused by changes in the adsorbed water in the wood cell wall. When the wood is lower than the water content of the fiber saturation point, it continues to dry and the volume shrinks;
When the dry wood absorbs moisture, the water content of the fiber saturation point is reached as the adsorbed water increases. When the moisture content of the wood is above the fiber saturation point, the volume of the wood does not change when only the free water increases or decreases.
Since the wood is a non-homogeneous material, its expansion and contraction deformation is different, with the chord direction being the largest, the radial direction being the second, and the longitudinal direction (ie, the directional fiber direction) being the smallest.
When the wood is dry, the string shrinkage is about 6% to 12%, the radial shrinkage is 3% to 6%, and the longitudinal direction is only 0.1% to 0.35%. It is also due to the unevenness of the wood structure that may cause deformation and warpage of the wood as the volume of the wood increases or decreases.
5, the wood is dry, the more dry the better? To what extent should it be dried?
When the wood is placed in a certain environment, after a long enough time, the water content will tend to an equilibrium value, which is called the equilibrium moisture content of the environment.
When the moisture content of the wood is higher than the equilibrium moisture content of the environment, the wood will shrink and shrink, and vice versa. For example, the annual average moisture content of the Guangzhou area is 15.1%, while that of the Beijing area is 11.4%.
Drying to 11% of wood is suitable for Beijing, and it can be used in Guangzhou to absorb moisture and deform. Therefore, wood drying should be appropriate, not as dry as possible. Different areas and different uses have different requirements for wood moisture content.
The main reason for the cracking of solid wood furniture is that the moisture content of the redwood is not balanced with the moisture content of the external environment. The equilibrium moisture content of wood varies with the region in which it is located, about 12% in the north of China, 18% in the south, and 15% in the Yangtze River.
4 maintenance prevention
Under normal circumstances, the furniture must undergo a drying process during the production process, so that the woodiness of the swelling and shrinkage deformation is released before production. This can largely prevent the furniture from cracking and deforming during use, but it is not absolute. Pay attention to some maintenance when using it.
In general, precipitation in northern China is less and relatively dry, especially in winter. The furniture should be placed away from direct sunlight. When using heating in the winter and heating the fireplace, do not approach the furniture to prevent the furniture from fading and cracking.
If the climate is particularly dry, give the furniture a little water to prevent it from cracking. North families can install humidifiers to increase the humidity indoors, which not only benefits people's lives, but also helps the maintenance of wooden furniture.
Of course, don't let the wooden furniture always be in a humid environment, so as to prevent the furniture from becoming moldy. For example, long-term closeness of solid wood furniture to a damp wall will cause the wood to absorb moisture and swell, which is prone to cracking and mildew. It is necessary to dehumidify frequently.
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