Nowadays people are talking about controlling white pollution and developing green packaging. It seems that plastic packaging has become an important factor influencing environmental protection. However, we should not ignore the recycling value of used plastic packaging. In the United States, plastic packaging accounts for half of the recycled plastics each year. This shows that the recycling of used plastic packaging is still promising in terms of energy conservation.
As a measure to save energy and protect the environment, the recycling of used plastics has been widely recognized by all countries in the world. Especially in some developed countries, the development and research work in this area started early, and many technologies have matured.
The plastic recycling market is huge. The United States is the world's largest producer of plastics. According to statistics, the United States annually produces more than 34 million tons of plastics and over 16 million tons of waste plastics. In the United States as early as the 1960s, research on the recycling of waste plastics was carried out. Currently, 50% of waste plastic packaging products are recycled, 18% of building materials, 11% of consumer products, 5% of auto parts, and 3% of electronic and electrical products. According to the types of plastic raw materials, the proportion of polyolefins accounted for 61%, polyvinyl chloride accounted for 13%, polystyrene accounted for 10%, polyester accounted for 11%, and other accounts for 5%. At the end of the 20th century, the recycling rate of waste plastics in the United States exceeded 35%. Among them, the burning of waste plastic recycling energy increased from 3% in the 1980s to 18%, and the burying rate of waste products dropped from 96% to 37%.
Japan is the second largest country in plastics production and has a shortage of energy. Therefore, it has always been positive about the recycling of waste plastics. In the early 1990s, the recycling rate of waste plastics in Japan was 7%, and the thermal energy utilization rate for combustion was 35%. Japan is also a world leader in the development and application of mixed waste plastics. The REVERZER equipment developed by Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. can be used to make various recycled products such as gate plugs, drain pipes, cable trays, shelves, etc. of mixed thermoplastic waste plastics containing up to 2% of non-plastic components (such as waste paper).
Italy is currently the best country in Europe for recycling waste plastics. Italy's waste plastics account for about 4% of municipal solid waste, and its recycling rate can reach 28%. Italy also developed a mechanical device for separating waste plastics from municipal solid waste. The addition of some new auxiliaries to the recycled material ensures that it has sufficient mechanical properties for the production of garbage bags, profiles and hollow products.
There are two types of recycling technologies: recycling plastics to produce the same variety of raw materials or decomposing them into monomers. The other method is to make them into other raw materials and energy sources that can be used comprehensively.
PVC recycling: Solvay put into operation the world's first recycling soft PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin plant, which can regenerate about 8,500 tons of PVC annually from 10,000 tons of waste PVC plastic products. The raw material of this device is the abandoned PVC cable, and the project investment repayment period is short. The second unit will be put into operation in France in 2004 for the recovery of coated PVC linings and fabrics. Other projects will also be considered for construction in Europe, Canada, Japan, and other Asian countries.
PET Recycling: Teijin Corporation of Japan has developed a recycling process to recover dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and ethylene glycol (EG) from waste PET bottles, and changed the existing one DMT unit to 30,000 tons/year. Annual recycling device can provide 10% PET raw material. PETPebirth has formed a joint venture with AIES Japan and intends to bring the recycling process to industrialization. The capacity of the device to recycle waste PET bottles is 27,000 tons/year, which is scheduled to be put into operation in Kawasaki in 2003. Japan Tsukishima Machinery (TSK) has also launched the process of recycling PET polyester waste, and completed a pilot test of 100 tons/year, with a PTA recovery rate of about 98%. The process is carried out at low pressure, the reaction time is short, and the investment cost is low. An estimated 8,000 tons/year of industrial plant investment is approximately US$11 million.
PS Recovery: Japan's Toshiba Kensetsu has built a 1,000-ton/year test facility to produce styrene monomer from waste PS foam. It is estimated that the investment cost for a PS unit with a processing capacity of 3,000 tons/year is approximately USD 3 million, and the investment repayment period is 2 to 4 years.
Brominated Flame Retardant Plastics Recycling: Japan's Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. recently announced the development of a plastic recycling equipment containing bromine-containing flame retardants, which can be used for the recycling of discarded TV cabinets and other raw materials. The properties of recycled materials such as impact strength are basically not affected. Affected, manufactured products can be recycled again using this equipment, and can be recycled about 10 times in total.
Comprehensive utilization is effective
With regard to the comprehensive utilization of waste plastics, there are also many successful experiences that foreign countries can learn from. The patented technology developed by U.S. EFD Company can recover clean fuel-grade diesel from mixed waste plastics and build a number of small-scale installations in Australia and New Zealand. The cost of each unit is about 2.5 million US dollars, and the investment repayment period is about 1 year. . Sanix Corporation of Japan used waste plastics as fuel to build industrial power plants. The power generation unit can burn about 704 tons of waste plastics every day, generating 74MW of electricity.
Japan Showa Denko invested 62 million US dollars to build a device that uses waste plastics to produce synthetic ammonia. Another new technology that uses benzene, toluene, xylene and other compounds to make waste PE and PP products is also under development.
Recycling of waste plastics is not only an industry with good economic benefits and benefits for us as a large producer and consumer of plastics. The advanced recycling technology in foreign countries has provided many studies for China to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste plastics. And learn from experience.
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