Discussion on Teaching Reform and Talents Training Mode of Packaging Higher Education (I)

[Abstract] On the basis of briefly describing the features of the curriculum system of foreign packaged higher education, this paper points out the main problems existing in the packaging education of packaging higher education in China, and puts forward the focus of the teaching reform of packaged higher education.
Key words: packaging engineering; higher education; personnel training; teaching reform. CLC number: TB48; G642.0 Document code: B Article ID: 1001-3563 (2003) 04-0152-03

A Probe into Teaching Reform of Higher Packaging Education and the Made of personnel Training
XU Wen-cai
(Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China)
Abstract: based on the sketch of the characteristics of overseas curriculums of higher packaging education,this article points out the present major problems facing higher packaging education in personnel training and
Brings up the education of reform of higher packaging education.
Keywords:Packaging engineering; Higher education; Personal training; Education reform

China's accession to the WTO will surely promote the pace of our country's integration with the world economy, promote the growth of China's exports and drive the growth of packaging accordingly. The liberalization of trade and the influx of foreign multinationals will impact the national packaging industry in our country; the green and environmental protection will impose higher requirements on our country’s exports; the rapid development of modern science and technology and the increase in the content of industrial products will give the traditional Packaging products pose great challenges. Therefore, packaging professionals must also undergo major adjustments in terms of quantity, specifications, and structure. This will undoubtedly have a certain impact on China's packaging higher education. Therefore, only by continuously improving China's packaging and higher education system can we adapt to the internationalization of the trade economy in the new century and the demand for knowledge economy in the information age [1].
Developing packaging industry, researching packaging science and technology, and packaging higher education are of vital importance. In the early 1950s, the United States began training packaging talents, and gradually formed a training system for bachelors, masters, and doctorates; developed countries such as Germany, France, Britain, and Australia also attached great importance to packaging higher education, not only packaging Undergraduate majors in technology, some colleges and universities also cultivate master's and doctoral students in packaging. In order to meet the needs of economic construction, some colleges and universities in our country set up packaging courses in the early 1960s, and began enrolling undergraduate students in packaging machinery in the late 1970s. In 1984, the Ministry of Education designated packaging as one of the 10 pilot majors. Into the general undergraduate professional directory, in 1993 the packaging project was formally included in ordinary colleges undergraduate professional directory. In the two adjustments of the undergraduate professional catalogues in 1992 and 1998, the packaging engineering undergraduate majors were retained. In 1999, the Ministry of Education listed packaging engineering as a national undergraduate major. At present, nearly 50 colleges and universities nationwide have set up undergraduate majors in packaging engineering, and packaging higher education has developed rapidly and steadily. This has trained a large number of urgently needed specialized talents for the country. While cultivating undergraduate students, some colleges and universities in the 1980s cultivated postgraduates for packaging under the name of similar disciplines. On April 29th, 1996, at the 14th meeting of the State Council Academic Degree Committee, the packaging engineering profession was included in the “Disciplinary and Master’s Degree Discipline and Specialized Catalogue for Graduate Training”, but it was regrettable that when the graduate professional catalogue was adjusted in 1997 In addition, the "Packaging Project" was merged into the "Food Science and Engineering" first-level discipline. "Food Science and Engineering" clearly cannot cover the whole picture of packaging projects. In this way, China's packaging higher education not only fails to meet the needs of economic construction in the modern era, but also restricts the cultivation of high-level packaging talents and the discipline construction of packaging engineering, directly affecting ordinary The teaching staff of the university and the research team of the research department are complementary.

1 Characteristics of Foreign Packaging Higher Education Curriculum System [2]

American universities attach great importance to the teaching of humanities and specialized courses, such as the three professional orientations (packing technology, packaging, printing, and packaging management) of the packaging science profession as required by the College of Applied Science and Technology of the University of Rochester (RIT) in the United States. , all set 54 credits of humanities and social sciences courses (of which: Foundation16, Concentration 12, Electives & Senior Seminar l4), and set up a basic course of scientific thinking (2 credits), lecture skills (4 credits), organizational behavior courses ( 4 credits); In addition to setting 35 credits of professional required courses (Introduction to Packaging 4, Packaging Materials 8, Sales Packaging 4, Flexible Packaging Container 4, Rigid Packaging Container 4, Packaging Production System 4, Storage and Transportation Packaging 4, Packaging Regulation 3) and 12 credits of packaging specialty elective courses (packaging process control, packaging management, packaging economics, packaging and environment, pharmaceutical packaging, food storage and packaging, military products and export packaging, packaging and display), packaging technology and packaging printing Students also need to select optional courses with 14 credits and 11 credits respectively, and students with packaging management need to choose 8 lessons The management of electives and 10 hours of electives.
German universities pay more attention to the practical skills and management knowledge needed for business teaching. For example, the packaging technology department of the Stuttgart Media Academy has established professional fields in packaging, packaging, paper packaging, plastic packaging, glass and metal packaging, packaging systems, packaging machinery, printing basics, food packaging technology, environmental protection and recycling, and packaging CAD. The compulsory courses also include professional elective courses in packaging technology, production technology, design basis, packaging and decoration design, packaging structure design, advertising design, packaging and printing, gravure printing, offset printing, flexo printing, screen printing, and digital printing. In business management and marketing, it has opened 3 compulsory courses and 8 elective courses.
German and U.S. packaging universities have attached great importance to practical teaching activities. For example, the packaging materials course requires students to master the performance and application scope of packaging materials, so that students can have a broad understanding of reasonable choice and use of packaging materials; packaging machinery courses require students to master the production system and process control of paper, plastic, glass, metal packaging, and can According to different packaging process requirements will be a reasonable choice of packaging equipment. According to what the authors learned during their studies in Germany, the German engineering colleges have always attached importance to the cultivation of students' work abilities and practical skills. During the school period, in addition to asking for two longer periods of time (3 to 6 months each time) to practice internships, professional teachers also organize several short-term (about one week per visit) internships. In order to enable students to understand and learn the latest professional knowledge, students of printing, packaging, and related majors will be suspended for one week during large professional exhibitions such as Drupa (Print Media Exhibition) and Interpack (International Packaging Exhibition) once every four years. While teaching professional basic courses, professional courses, and elective courses, it also arranges practice sessions for certain hours, and if necessary, sets up experimental courses separately.

2 The main problems existing in the packaging higher education in China

Over the past 20 years of reform and opening up, nearly 50 universities in China have successively set up packaging engineering majors, most of which have been established and developed on the basis of existing light industry, machinery, food, and other specialties. Each college and university has its own orientation and development. Professional Features. From the perspective of teaching content setting, basically the packaging technology as the main line, with emphasis on machinery, materials, food disciplines, but also on the design and E mouth brush direction. Compared with foreign countries, the packaging education in China currently has the following problems in terms of personnel training.
2.1 The curriculum is not systematic, and the professional direction is not clear. The packaging project is a multi-discipline and interdisciplinary profession. The content involves mechanics, materials, biology, mechanics, art, management, and computer science, and different discipline systems have different foundations. Courses and research methods. Some colleges and universities in the development of training plan, although the courses are exhaustive, but the professional characteristics are not outstanding, professional basic courses and elective courses are not systematic, and some professional courses also lack the corresponding technical foundation courses and professional basic course support, there are complex topics, the basis is not Solid, professional depth is not enough defects.
2.2 Emphasis on theoretical teaching, disregarding the practical teaching The emphasis on theoretical teaching, despise the practical training of personnel training model, has not adapted to modern industrial development and social needs. Judging from the training programs for undergraduate talents in packaging engineering in domestic universities, in practice/practice aspects, except for individual institutions that have a one-semester time-intensive production practice, general colleges only arrange one-month internships such as metalworking. Basic internships and 4 to 6 weeks of professional internships (including professional visits and production internships). In addition to the computer-related courses have more computer time, other professional basic courses and professional courses arranged in practical teaching hours are not many, each course is generally 4 to 6 hours. In some universities, due to the lack of necessary teaching equipment, most professional experimental teaching contents cannot be arranged.
(To be continued)