Research on the Safety Status and Countermeasures of Food Packaging Materials in China
Tang Guifang Xu Yufei Jiang Honglin
ã€Abstract】Food packaging materials are an important part of food safety control. The migration of harmful substances in packaging materials will directly threaten food and lead to food insecurity. This paper analyzes the safety status of food packaging materials in China and the main problems faced by them, and discusses the strategic countermeasures to strengthen the safety control of food packaging materials.
[Keywords] food packaging materials; status quo; safety; countermeasures
Food packaging materials refer to the general term for materials used in the manufacture of food (food additive) packaging containers and packaging that constitutes products, also known as indirect food additives. The purpose of packaging food is to avoid food damage or to block physical, chemical or microbiological substances that may enter the food during food transportation, handling and storage. There are many types of food packaging, and there are thousands of chemical substances used to manufacture various types of food packaging. Various chemical substances play various roles in food packaging materials because of their different characteristics. When food is in contact with food packaging materials, chemicals in the food packaging material may enter the food. Under different contact conditions, the amount of chemicals in food packaging materials that migrate into food is also different. The safety of food packaging materials and products has been highly concerned around the world, and relevant international organizations and governments have strengthened their research and implemented strict regulatory measures. At present, the “Safety Regulations on Migration of Food Contact Packaging Materials and Apparatus†formulated by countries such as Europe and the United States constitutes a green trade barrier for importing countries, which leads to the export of food packaging materials and foods in China due to contact materials. It has had a greater impact on China's food exports. In recent years, the EU's trade barriers to packaging have increased from several to dozens, and the EU has issued about 40 batches of food packaging materials to China every year. It can be seen that the situation faced by China's food packaging materials is not optimistic.
1 Current status and existing problems of food packaging materials in China
1.1 Hazards from the defects of food packaging materials
At present, there are many kinds of food packaging materials in China, and they are widely used. The safety hazards brought by different types of materials are also different. Plastic is the most widely used food packaging material. Plastics are generally classified into two types: thermosetting and thermoplastic. In order to improve the processing properties and performance of plastics, some additives (such as stabilizers, lubricants, colorants, antistatic agents, plasticizers and other processing aids) need to be added during the production process. Under certain conditions, the above substances may migrate from the polymer material to the contacted food to contaminate the food.
Paper is the most traditional packaging material, and its safety hazard lies in the need to add chemicals such as anti-seepage agents, fillers, bleaches, dyes, etc. to the pulp during the papermaking process. The raw materials for the production of food packaging paper are not clean themselves, there are pollution problems such as heavy metals and pesticide residues, or the use of moldy raw materials, the finished products are dyed with a large number of molds, and even the use of recycled waste paper as raw materials, resulting in chemical residues. In addition, if a fluorescent whitening agent is added during the production process, the packaging paper will contain fluorescent chemical contaminants, and the ink printing problem cannot be ignored.
Glass is an inert material that is non-toxic and flawless. Generally, glass does not chemically react with most contents, and its chemical stability is excellent. Glass is a melt of an inorganic substance whose main component is SiO 2 - Na 2 O. However, depending on the type of glass, there is also an elution from the raw material. The high transparency of the glass is unfavorable for some foods, so it is usually colored by various coloring agents, and the metal coloring is required for the coloring of the glass, such as cobalt oxide for blue color and graphite for black color. The migrating substances in the glass are mainly inorganic salts and ions, and the substance eluted from the glass is silica.
Rubber is used as a food packaging material alone, and is generally used as a gasket or sealing material. It has two major categories of natural rubber and synthetic rubber. Natural rubber is a natural polymer compound with isoprene as its main component. It does not decompose itself and cannot be digested and absorbed inside the human body. However, due to the processing needs, various additives such as accelerators, antioxidants, and fillers are often added to it. Agents, etc. Synthetic rubber is mainly derived from petrochemical raw materials, and is a polymer compound obtained by polymerizing monomers through various processes, and various additives are also used in processing. Among the commonly used rubber additives, there are toxic or suspected toxic substances such as B-naphthylamine, benzidine, m-toluenediamine, acrylonitrile and the like. Since the rubber itself has the characteristics of easily absorbing water, it has more dissolution than plastic.
Ceramics are made by coating enamel on clay and green tires and then melting them. The enamel is made by coating the enamel on the box blank and baking it. The hazards are mainly caused by enamel, ceramic glaze and glaze coated on the blank during the production process. The glaze mainly consists of various metal oxides such as lead, zinc, antimony, bismuth, titanium, copper, chromium, cobalt and the like. When a ceramic or enamel container contains acidic food or wine, these substances are easily dissolved or migrated into the food.
Metal packaging materials have good barrier properties and mechanical properties, but the chemical stability is poor, especially in the packaging of acidic contents, metal ions are easy to precipitate and affect food flavor. Aluminum and iron are the two main metal packaging materials currently in use. The safety hazard of aluminum packaging materials is that it is difficult to control the impurities in the recycled aluminum. Tin is often coated in iron packaging materials, and sometimes tin is also dissolved to contaminate the food in the can.
2 Food packaging materials development countermeasures
2.1 Advocate low carbon, environmentally friendly packaging
In the food production industry chain, advocating environmental protection and low-carbon will be the trend of the times. The environmental pollution and waste of resources caused by the abandonment of packaging materials are receiving more and more attention. The reduction, recycling, harmlessness, low carbonization and safety of packaging have become the consensus of people. The food packaging experience in Europe and the United States is worth learning and learning. For example, Sweden and other countries have used polyester PET beverage bottles and PC bottles for more than 20 times. Dutch Wellman and Johnson Company of the United States have 100% recycling of PET containers. Some paper packaging can be recycled after use.
2.2 Improve the safety assurance system for food packaging materials
Accelerate the market access system for quality and safety of packaging materials, and actively carry out compulsory certification work. Enterprises that have obtained production licenses should strengthen post-certification supervision and establish and improve long-term security mechanisms. Successful experiences in countries such as Europe and the United States are worth learning from, such as the establishment of improved food packaging access systems and regulatory measures; food and packaging quality and safety certification systems, food and packaging recall systems, and the establishment of traceable food and packaging safety databases.
2.3 Strengthening self-discipline behavior and social responsibility
Through various channels, the company vigorously promoted relevant laws and regulations, carried out legal system and integrity education, enhanced corporate legal awareness and self-discipline behavior, and strengthened the production enterprise as the first responsible person for the health and safety of food packaging materials. The HACCP system is currently the most effective and economical food safety system recognized internationally. Therefore, food packaging materials manufacturers should be encouraged to establish their own HACCP system to ensure the safe production of food packaging.
2.4 Increase law enforcement
At present, China's food packaging materials production enterprises are uneven, the overall quality is not high, should strictly regulate the license, increase law enforcement efforts, so that enterprises with high technical level, strong technical capabilities, and standardized management occupy the market, for those enterprises that produce counterfeit and shoddy products, Order to stop production and sales, in severe cases should be banned. The food packaging industry is an important part of food processing. It should be based on national safety laws and regulations, and adopt annual inspections, periodic inspections, and supervision and spot checks to increase supervision of small enterprises and family workshops and illegal enterprises. Punishment efforts. In addition, the situation in which the functions of the supervisory department are unclear, repeated supervision, and regulatory loopholes should be cleaned up to improve management efficiency.
2.5 Developing green products
In view of the current safety hazards of food packaging materials used in China, it is necessary to increase investment in science and technology and capital to develop new green packaging materials. Solve the safety problems in the packaging materials, and actively carry out analysis and testing.
2.6 Strengthen public opinion propaganda
Enhance consumer awareness of the safety of food packaging materials and promote green consumption. Public opinion propaganda can correctly guide the public and play a supervisory role.
In short, food packaging is an indispensable part of the modern food processing industry. The safety control of its materials determines the safety and quality of food, and is directly related to the sustainable development of human health and ecological environment. Therefore, we must pay attention to the safety control of food packaging materials, improve China's legal system, gradually improve China's health and safety management, and ensure the healthy and orderly development of China's food packaging industry. It will fundamentally eliminate the safety hazards brought by food packaging materials, ensure the safety of food packaging materials, and ensure the continuous development of China's food industry and the rapid growth of import and export food trade.
(This article was originally published in "China Packaging Industry")
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