Printing Aesthetics (1)

Printing is one of China’s four major inventions. It is a shining pearl in the treasure house of world cultural knowledge and a crystallization of technology and art. Whether it is from the selection of color separation parameters in the platemaking process, the setting of gray balance data, the reproduction of tone levels, or the control of ink and water balance in the printing process, and the effects of the final binding and packaging, all of them are reflected. Aesthetic point of view. In a sense, the history of printing is a process in which humanity reproduces the history of the United States and spreads beauty, and the continuous development and improvement of printing technology. It is also the process of human pursuit of perfection. At present, various publishing houses are gradually implementing high quality and high prices, and all printing companies are also paying close attention to product quality. How to improve the quality of the company's products and promote the development of printing technology is a comprehensive issue. This article focuses on the relationship between the process of printing development and aesthetics, to attract the attention of the printing industry counterparts.

First, the beauty in printing is an objective reality

Marx once pointed out that social progress is the crystallization of human pursuit of beauty. The level of human material civilization depends on the degree of technological progress, and technological progress has a close relationship with aesthetics. The penetration of aesthetics into physical products combined with technology has further increased the level of civilization in the production process and products. The history of human material civilization: The birth and development of material civilization is the result of transforming nature in order to meet the needs of human society and adopt technological means and aesthetic standards. The final result of printing is the formation of a physical product. Naturally, this law cannot be separated.

The invention of printing has always been recognized by the world as "the sacred art" and "the mother of civilization." The two honours stated that they fully demonstrated the relationship between printing technology and aesthetics. Before the invention of Chinese printing technology, the ancients had carved the words on the bones of the bones with the improvement of tools and techniques, and cast them in copper and iron, carved in jade, written in the bamboo basket, and the book was written in paper sheets. The use of the laws of beauty was more conscious than once. Created, many have become rare treasures. However, from the point of view of development, its historical limitations are, after all, great, regardless of the level of technology or aesthetics. With the constant standardization of Chinese characters, printing materials such as paper and ink continue to innovate, the stamping and printing technology has become increasingly sophisticated, and the society has increased the demand for copying text and images. In the early Tang Dynasty, the printing of engravings rose, achieving a major in the history of printing. The technological revolution has not only become a book faster than the past but has a large print volume. It can spread ideological culture within a relatively large range, and the aesthetic level has also risen to a new stage. In the Song Dynasty, there was a golden age of engraving and printing technology.

The working people of our country are meticulously meticulously crafted in carvings. The typefaces used are laconic body, European body, willow body, Su body, and thin gold body. They are also divided into archaic body, simplified, square body, flat body, round living body, and so on. Among them, the archaic body is more common, the paintings and paintings are sculpted, and the spirit is solemn, and the Song and body styles that are commonly used today come from this; the fonts are subdivided into fine characters, small characters, medium characters, and large characters, and can be adapted to various expression needs. . The layout and the number of lines and distances have corresponding provisions, symmetrical and harmonious. The ink is dark and light, and the heart of the edition is framed by lines, up and down bilaterally, and left and right. At the same time using a variety of different binding methods, simple and generous, handsome. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were two Indian and Indian ink prints. In the Ming Dynasty, there were five colored Indian seals. The art of engraving and printing has spread over 1300 years in China and has formed the traditional artistic features of bookbinding in China. China first invented movable type printing on the engraving technique in the Qing dynasty of the Northern Song Dynasty. It can be regarded as another technical revolution in the history of printing. Unfortunately, it has not been universally promoted. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, China's printing technology was introduced into Europe and developed into the latest type of movable type printing. At the beginning of the 19th century, "export" was turned into "domestic sales". Western printing was introduced into China. In the contemporary era, electronic typography and plate making technology were introduced. China also invented a computer typesetting system for Chinese characters. The beauty of books, magazines, advertisements, and packaging also continued to change and gradually entered the modern level.

This shows that in the development of printing technology, people's pursuit of beauty is reflected. In particular, the quality standards for printing products promulgated by the state have set standards for the scales of printing, printing, and binding. It fully reflects the fact that the beauty in printing is objective and there are rules to follow. Practice tells us that only in accordance with national standards for production can we meet the laws of the United States and meet people’s demand for the beauty of printed products. Printing is a “sacred art” and is the “mother of civilization” of mankind. This is an objective evaluation of history by printing.

Second, the method of displaying beauty in printing is various

“An animal is built according to the scale and needs of the species it belongs to, and humans know how to produce according to any kind of scale, and know how to apply the internal scale to the object everywhere; therefore, people also follow the principle of beauty. Laws are to be built." This is Marx's famous statement. With the development of printing technology, it is people who have mastered the inherent laws of their own vision and psychology before inventing this unique type of printing. It further confirmed the scientific nature of Marx's argument.

The methods of printing and displaying beauty are various and can be divided into pressure printing (press printing, offset printing, etc.) and pressureless printing (electrostatic printing, ink jet printing) according to whether there is pressure during printing; For direct printing and indirect printing; according to the printed product form can be divided into books and periodicals printing, newspaper printing, packaging and printing; according to the printing layout features can be divided into letterpress printing, offset printing, gravure printing and stencil printing.

Letterpress printing refers to a type of printing that is printed in letterpress. Letterpress printing is generally a direct printing and is the oldest printing method. Products printed with letterpress prints are thick and glossy. Therefore, letterpress printing is widely used in newspapers and newspapers, packaging and decoration, printing and printing silver, hot stamping and so on.

Lithography refers to a way of printing with a lithographic plate. Nowadays, what is commonly referred to as lithographic printing mainly refers to a method of printing using a PS plate, that is, a printing method in which a graphic part of a printing plate is affixed with ink and transferred onto a paper by an eraser, and is commonly referred to as offset printing. Lithography is indirect printing. Lithographic plate making is rapid, plate loading is convenient, printing speed is faster, and the reproduction of colors and gradations of printed products is better. Therefore, lithography is widely used to print color pictures, pictures and illustrations, and is gradually applied to printing books. The ink layer of lithographic printing products is thinner than that of letterpress products and gravure printing products.

Gravure printing refers to a printing method that uses gravure printing. Gravure printing ink transfer volume is much more than letterpress printing and lithography printing, and the printing plate is resistant to printing force, and the printing quality is good. The gravure printing product has the advantages of thick ink layer, rich color tone, and difficulty in counterfeiting, but the plate making process is complicated and the cost is high. At present, gravure printing is used for the printing of beautiful pictures, banknotes, securities, stamps, and plastic films.

The stencil printing refers to the printing method in which the graphic part of the printing plate can be printed on the printing material through the printing ink. It is divided into screen printing, reputation printing, typed wax printing and stencil printing. When printing, under certain pressure, the ink is transferred to the substrate through the hole in the graphic part of the printing plate. The stencil printing is direct printing, and the ink transfer volume is larger than the gravure printing. The ink layer of the product is thick and has a three-dimensional effect. Not only can stencil printing be applied to paper, but it can also be applied to objects such as wood, fabric, leather, metal, glass, enamel, etc., and has a wide range of applications. The main disadvantage of stencil printing is that the printing speed is slow and color printing is not easy.

As an important means of spreading spiritual civilization and material civilization, printing has been able to reproduce human wisdom, propagate human civilization, and meet people's needs through various methods. Of course, with the development of the times, people’s demands for beauty are getting higher and higher, new printing technologies will continue to increase, and new printing methods will continue to emerge.

Third, reflect the aesthetics everywhere in the printing

Faced with the neat row of black fonts on the pages of the book, people do not know whether they thought that these black dots and lines will save the enormous spiritual wealth of the motherland and the world. Black has its own value in the field of beauty. It not only has dark and gloomy features, it is more solemn, solemn, and calm. Because of the special features that these other colors do not possess, it has a special place in painting, aesthetics, and printing. This is not just our country's tradition. It is also used in ancient Europe. This is exactly the same thing.

The disparity in color between white and black characters is very strong and contrasting. It shows symmetry, uniformity, simplicity, elegance and dignity in the aesthetic vision. It is indeed a wonderful combination and is in line with visual hygiene. For thousands of years of practice, people have realized in reading that because the reflected light of black is zero, it is the best acceptable color for the eyes. Only black color is good for rapid absorption of vision, enabling people to appear quiet and comfortable during reading, while enjoying a sense of beauty naturally. Creating Black as the ancestor of the printing is indeed a visionary esthetician.

Printing as a kind of process technology, it is a tool to show and spread beauty. While displaying beauty, it also embodies the aesthetic concept itself. It is a combination of true, good and beautiful. Anything beautiful should be authentic. Only by grasping the regularity of the objective world can we discover beauty and create beauty according to the idea of ​​beauty. Any "good" thing is a utilitarian value that can satisfy people's actual needs. It is not only the source of beauty, but also the ultimate goal. When people follow the concept of beauty, use their own objective laws to guide their own practice, and create practical values ​​that satisfy people’s material or spiritual needs, this achieves the purpose of good. Truth is the essential characteristic of things, good is the feature of the function, and beauty is the characteristic of the structure of things, so truth, goodness and beauty are often combined.

Printing technology has evolved from web-free printing to web-based printing. It is people who have mastered the human eye's resolution that is in the distance of the clear vision, when the distance between two points is less than 0.01mm, the two points will be regarded as a single point of law. Invented the screening technology to decompose continuous tone images into halftone images for printing, producing products that meet the laws and requirements of the United States. It can be said that the development of screening technology is a leap in the history of printing development and is an important embodiment of the pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty in printing technology.

Stalin said: "Dialecticism believes that any phenomena in the natural world, if they are viewed in isolation and unrelated to the surrounding phenomenon, cannot be understood, because any phenomenon in any area of ​​the natural world will be treated as if it is the same. The surrounding conditions are not connected and they are isolated from each other. The society becomes meaningless; on the contrary, any phenomenon that sees it as an inseparable link with the surrounding phenomenon is a phenomenon that is constrained by the surrounding phenomenon. It can be understood, it can be argued.” Naturally, this is also true of the aesthetic phenomenon. Printing has evolved from the initial webless printing to web printing. The most fundamental change is the change in the basic units that make up the image. Non-network printing is based on the whole color block as the basic unit, that is, where there is a graphic, there are also color blocks. And the smallest unit that has web printing and graphic design is outlets. If you look at each outlet in isolation, it will not produce beauty. Once these outlets are linked together, beautiful images will be displayed to convey information and convey the sense of beauty. When the number of lines of the screen is fixed, the size of the dots changes with the level of the original graphic text. Large dots indicate deep text and small dots indicate light text. So far, dot is the most effective way to express manuscripts with different shades of continuous tone. It is the unification of absoluteness and relativity of beauty. It is a typical example of human beings' successful use of aesthetic knowledge to serve themselves. People invented the screening technology, and thus also enjoyed the change of the screening technology as the beauty of the quality of replication.

Continuous color reproduction of the original copy, mostly using four-color printing. Its color reproduction is through the transmission of dots, four-color overprint. Therefore, it is closely related to the tone reproduction. In the four-color printing, any single dot change has a significant impact on correct color reproduction. Which not only guarantees the monochromatic hue based on the three primary colors