Europe plays an important role in the international leather trade. It owns 25% of the world's leather production, with the most extensive and active leather market. With a turnover of nearly 10 billion U.S. dollars, the leather and tanning sector in Europe employs more than 3,000 companies and employs 50,000 directly and is highly competitive in the international market.
In the European leather tanning sector, small and medium-sized enterprises have the most flexibility and responsiveness to demand. Cutting-edge technology, popular style, innovative design, excellent quality, selection of raw materials, excellent service awareness, as well as investment in training, environmental protection, research, development, exports, etc., is the European leather tanning business to continue to develop The strength of the place.
First, the Spanish leather industry
1, the Spanish leather industry in Europe's leading position
Spanish leather industry in Europe in a leading position, with excellent leather products, product design trendy and world-famous. Leather leather on both sides of Spain's brand-name products. Spain currently has nearly 300 factories, employing more than 8,000 people, the basic scale of production and Italy the same, is gathered by the small and medium enterprises. Spanish leather industrial enterprises are mainly concentrated in Valencia and Catalonia. Catalan leather production accounts for 55% of Spanish leather production, with varieties of cattle leather (5%), clothing leather (26.5%) and leather leather (17.6%), is the Spanish leather production base .
The tannery industry in Spain, which began as early as a few centuries ago, evolved from a hand-crafted workshop industry into today's high-tech industry. In 2004, Spain's leather industry employed more than 101,000 people, with a total industrial output value of 6.24 billion euros, accounting for 13% of the industrial GDP of Spain and a total export value of 2.87 billion euros. Leather industry trade surplus was 294 million euros, the trade turnover rate was 111.8%. Spanish tanneries are mainly found in the four tannery regions of Catalonia, Valencia, Madrid and Macia. The leather varieties fall into three main categories: cowhide, sheepskin and other leathers (goat, pigskin, rabbit and reptile), accounting for 50%, 33% and 15% respectively.
2, the Spanish leather industry international trade fierce competition
Spanish leather is the main export market in Europe, accounting for 55% of the total exports, the main exporting countries are Italy, France, Hong Kong SAR, Portugal, Turkey, China, Germany, Britain, Morocco and Romania, Spain leather products, due to design Fashion, high technical content advantages, especially raw leather quality, has a good reputation in the international market.
At present, the Spanish leather industry as a whole is in a downward trend, and finished leather inevitably suffers the same fate.
Since 2001, the Spanish tannery industry has experienced a wide range of structural changes, which led to a series of changes, especially the European tannery ushered in an important turning point. This is mainly due to the fact that the rapid development of tannery industry in developing countries has resulted in a substantial increase in the world's leather and its products output. Compared with the developed countries, the labor costs of developing countries are relatively low, the pressure on the environment is relatively small, and the restrictions imposed by national policies on the tannery industry are not stringent in European countries. Therefore, the cost of tannery enterprises in terms of labor force and environmental protection is relatively low Much more, which invisible increases their competitiveness in the international market.
Faced with market competition from neighboring Italy, especially from developing countries, the Spanish tannery industry has its own set of countermeasures. Although Spain has become increasingly stringent environmental regulations, labor costs and other unfavorable factors, but they have advanced production technology and equipment. Modern production management, quality, innovative products, perfect design level, I believe completely defeated from all aspects of competition, walking in the forefront of the world leather industry.
Second, the Italian leather industry
1, Italy leather production occupy a leading position in the world
Italy, the traditional leather-producing country that has undisputedly dominated Europe and the world, produces about 20% of the world's leather output and 65% of the total European production. Italian tanneries are international oriented enterprises, the vast majority of foreign suppliers and customers have close relations of cooperation.
At present, there are 2,300 tannery enterprises in Italy, employing 30,000 people, of which only 600-700 companies have a full set of production and processing capacity, the other is only service, intermediary and valet processing enterprises. 2002 sales reached 6.2 billion euros. Sales account for 65% of the EU total sales, output value accounted for 20% of the world output value. According to the Italian National Federation of tannery statistics, in 2002, the Italian finished leather exports 127 countries and regions, exports accounted for about 2/3 of total sales. While 85% of the raw leather in the Italian leather industry is imported from 120 countries and regions. Figures show that a few years ago, the Italian leather industry showed a gradual downward trend. In 2006, the Italian leather industry, once experiencing the downturn of 2001, redirected the market and shifted the center of leather export to China and other Asian countries. The amount of leather exported to Asia increased by 50% and the export value increased 70%, of which 5,200 square meters are exported to mainland China and Hong Kong.
Italy pays more attention to environmental protection and tannery effluent treatment in Italy and concentrates it into the regional joint purification plant for unified treatment. Currently there are 9 sewage purification plants in Italy, basically to meet the 95% of tannery wastewater treatment. Sewage purification out of 30% of the sludge is mainly used for the production of building materials. Un-tanned tannery by-products (water hides and skins) are hydrolyzed into agricultural fertilizers for application to the farmland; chromium recovered from the spent chrome tanning liquor is recycled for recycling; tanned dry-skins are used for production Recycled leather.
2, the Italian leather industry exports increased year by year
At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the export volume / volume of finished leather in the Italian leather industry was about 159 million square meters and 3.4 billion U.S. dollars respectively, accounting for 47.5% of the total output value, of which exports to Europe accounted for 60% and the Far East 30%. The main products are upper leather, furniture leather, leather garments, leather products, leather, leather imports by two thirds to meet the needs.
Despite the problems associated with the Italian tanneries, such as the reduction of the profitability of the United States dollar currency exchange rate, the trade protection policies of individual countries and the increase in the raw material cost of raw materials for tanning, the overall Italian leather industry exports in 2006 were The good news is that the amount of leather exported to Indonesia, India and Russia is on the rise as well as the volume of leather exported to China. In addition, the Italian tannery export market will also extend to the Far East.
Third, the Turkish leather industry
1, Turkey leather industry overview
The Turkish leather industry, which has long been known for its history, was once the center of the world trade and is still regarded as one of the six largest leather markets in the world. The Turkish leather industry has made great strides in recent years, and now Turkey exports not only leather products but also leather processing technology, equipment and proprietary processes. Turkey slaughters 3 million heads each year; sheep slaughters 1,500-17,000,000 heads; and goats slaughters 4,500-5,000,000 heads. The Turkish tannery consumes 80 million sheepskin and 5.5 million pieces of cowhide each year. The country imports 75% of its domestic sheep's wool and 46% of its domestic consumption annually.
2, Turkey's leather industry import and export profiles
Leather products are one of the pillar industries in Turkey's economy.
Leather garments, accessories and luggage products are among the top three products exported by the Turkish leather industry. In recent years Turkey has not only exported leather products, but also exported leather processing technology and equipment.
According to Turkish official statistics, the Turkish goatskin imports amount to 49 million, the main importing countries are Britain, Spain, Australia and the United States, of which the United States is the largest supplier of its imports accounted for 75% of total U.S. exports. Cowhide importing countries are the former Soviet Union, the import volume of 3.2 million (leather); followed by the United States (in 2003 the United States exports of Turkey's leather up nearly Liu Cheng). Turkish leather and products each year exports 8-10 billion US dollars, Bulgaria, Italy, Germany, France and Russia are its important export markets.
In the first six months of 2006, Turkey's fur exports reached 78.8 million U.S. dollars, up 29.1 percent from 61 million U.S. dollars in the same period of last year. For two consecutive years, Russia became the largest importer of Turkish fur, with imports reaching 38.17 million U.S. dollars. Germany, Turkey's second-largest importer of fur, imported $ 8.88 million, up 18.1% from a year earlier.
Fourth, the German leather industry
1, the German leather industry hit the world with leading products
Germany's leather industry, among the 25 EU member states, is among the leading countries in terms of production, import and export. Despite the impact of the wave of imports, the decline has not been as severe as that of other EU countries. Its strength and unique market advantage to maintain its position as one of the leading European countries. Germany has the world's largest finished shoes exhibition "GDS", held twice a year in Duesseldorf, Germany exports to the shoe provides a very convenient conditions. German leather industry belongs to the country's leather industry, an important pillar of professional, in Europe and the world are the most powerful, is its fist products, rely on product quality to win over others to win. German leather industry production positioning is mainly car seat leather and leather furniture, but also take into account the production of high-grade upper leather and leather leather products. Due to the high grade of the products, but also the orientation of fist products, so in recent years, the development of the German leather industry is successful. However, the domestic economic recession and the depreciation of the U.S. dollar, as well as the unfavorable factors such as the impact of imported products, have also created a lot of pressure on the development of the German tannery industry. At present, the German leather industry is making every effort to use its advanced equipment and competitive products (oil leather leather and car seat leather, etc.) to maintain its position in the international market.
2, the German leather industry international road to technological innovation to win
Although Germany has encountered various impacts, risks and difficulties, Germany's development prospects are promising. We hope that it will be placed on high-tech fields! Because high-tech is the strength of Germany! Particularly worth mentioning is that the high-tech content technology of the aerospace and automotive manufacturing industries has now begun to be used in the design of footwear and leather machinery, such as: shoe molding machine manufacturer-KlochnerDesma the aerospace industry finite element method and Sharpening technology is a direct reference to the shoemaking machinery; the patented Vacuum Embossing technology developed by Hornschuh, a Finishing Machinery Factory, reproduces very complex patterns without compromise, with much higher accuracy than anywhere in the world. All this is unmatched by other countries! In addition, Germany is still a chemical powerhouse. Europe's largest chemical industrial production area is concentrated on the Rhine. Large quantities of chemical products are continuously shipped to all over the world. Bayer MaterialScience and Elastogran are key manufacturing companies for PUs and TPRs and are the forerunners in the industry for technology development. In short, the German leather industry in the fierce competition in the international market, it is entirely possible to win with high technology, the future is optimistic.
Fifth, the Russian leather industry
1, the Russian leather industry overview
Russia has a long history of leather processing, is a traditional leather processing countries.
In the 1990s, the Russian leather industry shifted from the original manufactured goods export to the primary leather export. The domestic tanning and shoemaking industries were paralyzed or semi-paralyzed. Russia's leather industry production decline began in 1991, the lowest point in 1998 after the outbreak of the economic crisis, the revival in 1999. In 2002, Russia had 50 tanneries and 220 shoe factories. The leather industry's county output is 440 million square meters; the annual output of shoe factories is 160 million pairs. Due to the limited funds of the leather industrial enterprises, only 15-25% of the fur processing capacity in Russia is utilized and the supply of domestic leather products does not exceed 25%.
Much of the Russian market for leather products comes from Turkey, Germany, Spain and other European and Asian countries. Most of Russia's fur and leather raw materials are exported to Western Europe and Asian countries, of which 70% of the skins and 60-90% of the sheep's skins are exported. Consumption grade and European and American markets are quite different, each winter in Russia, about 750,000 women buy leather products, mainly clothing, leather products market value of 2.4 billion US dollars. At present, with the improvement of Russia's economy, the income of the middle class has gradually returned to the old level, and the purchasing power has also risen accordingly. Ladies like to wear daily leather coat, led the sale of such clothing. At the same time, leather merchants continue to develop new products based on market changes and consumer preferences for products and styles. Russian leather traders are still pursuing price concessions to attract customers and introduce affordable leather products such as fur hats, as well as sheepskin, rabbit skin, beaver fur and Russian lambskin leather.
In the European leather tanning sector, small and medium-sized enterprises have the most flexibility and responsiveness to demand. Cutting-edge technology, popular style, innovative design, excellent quality, selection of raw materials, excellent service awareness, as well as investment in training, environmental protection, research, development, exports, etc., is the European leather tanning business to continue to develop The strength of the place.
First, the Spanish leather industry
1, the Spanish leather industry in Europe's leading position
Spanish leather industry in Europe in a leading position, with excellent leather products, product design trendy and world-famous. Leather leather on both sides of Spain's brand-name products. Spain currently has nearly 300 factories, employing more than 8,000 people, the basic scale of production and Italy the same, is gathered by the small and medium enterprises. Spanish leather industrial enterprises are mainly concentrated in Valencia and Catalonia. Catalan leather production accounts for 55% of Spanish leather production, with varieties of cattle leather (5%), clothing leather (26.5%) and leather leather (17.6%), is the Spanish leather production base .
The tannery industry in Spain, which began as early as a few centuries ago, evolved from a hand-crafted workshop industry into today's high-tech industry. In 2004, Spain's leather industry employed more than 101,000 people, with a total industrial output value of 6.24 billion euros, accounting for 13% of the industrial GDP of Spain and a total export value of 2.87 billion euros. Leather industry trade surplus was 294 million euros, the trade turnover rate was 111.8%. Spanish tanneries are mainly found in the four tannery regions of Catalonia, Valencia, Madrid and Macia. The leather varieties fall into three main categories: cowhide, sheepskin and other leathers (goat, pigskin, rabbit and reptile), accounting for 50%, 33% and 15% respectively.
2, the Spanish leather industry international trade fierce competition
Spanish leather is the main export market in Europe, accounting for 55% of the total exports, the main exporting countries are Italy, France, Hong Kong SAR, Portugal, Turkey, China, Germany, Britain, Morocco and Romania, Spain leather products, due to design Fashion, high technical content advantages, especially raw leather quality, has a good reputation in the international market.
At present, the Spanish leather industry as a whole is in a downward trend, and finished leather inevitably suffers the same fate.
Since 2001, the Spanish tannery industry has experienced a wide range of structural changes, which led to a series of changes, especially the European tannery ushered in an important turning point. This is mainly due to the fact that the rapid development of tannery industry in developing countries has resulted in a substantial increase in the world's leather and its products output. Compared with the developed countries, the labor costs of developing countries are relatively low, the pressure on the environment is relatively small, and the restrictions imposed by national policies on the tannery industry are not stringent in European countries. Therefore, the cost of tannery enterprises in terms of labor force and environmental protection is relatively low Much more, which invisible increases their competitiveness in the international market.
Faced with market competition from neighboring Italy, especially from developing countries, the Spanish tannery industry has its own set of countermeasures. Although Spain has become increasingly stringent environmental regulations, labor costs and other unfavorable factors, but they have advanced production technology and equipment. Modern production management, quality, innovative products, perfect design level, I believe completely defeated from all aspects of competition, walking in the forefront of the world leather industry.
Second, the Italian leather industry
1, Italy leather production occupy a leading position in the world
Italy, the traditional leather-producing country that has undisputedly dominated Europe and the world, produces about 20% of the world's leather output and 65% of the total European production. Italian tanneries are international oriented enterprises, the vast majority of foreign suppliers and customers have close relations of cooperation.
At present, there are 2,300 tannery enterprises in Italy, employing 30,000 people, of which only 600-700 companies have a full set of production and processing capacity, the other is only service, intermediary and valet processing enterprises. 2002 sales reached 6.2 billion euros. Sales account for 65% of the EU total sales, output value accounted for 20% of the world output value. According to the Italian National Federation of tannery statistics, in 2002, the Italian finished leather exports 127 countries and regions, exports accounted for about 2/3 of total sales. While 85% of the raw leather in the Italian leather industry is imported from 120 countries and regions. Figures show that a few years ago, the Italian leather industry showed a gradual downward trend. In 2006, the Italian leather industry, once experiencing the downturn of 2001, redirected the market and shifted the center of leather export to China and other Asian countries. The amount of leather exported to Asia increased by 50% and the export value increased 70%, of which 5,200 square meters are exported to mainland China and Hong Kong.
Italy pays more attention to environmental protection and tannery effluent treatment in Italy and concentrates it into the regional joint purification plant for unified treatment. Currently there are 9 sewage purification plants in Italy, basically to meet the 95% of tannery wastewater treatment. Sewage purification out of 30% of the sludge is mainly used for the production of building materials. Un-tanned tannery by-products (water hides and skins) are hydrolyzed into agricultural fertilizers for application to the farmland; chromium recovered from the spent chrome tanning liquor is recycled for recycling; tanned dry-skins are used for production Recycled leather.
2, the Italian leather industry exports increased year by year
At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the export volume / volume of finished leather in the Italian leather industry was about 159 million square meters and 3.4 billion U.S. dollars respectively, accounting for 47.5% of the total output value, of which exports to Europe accounted for 60% and the Far East 30%. The main products are upper leather, furniture leather, leather garments, leather products, leather, leather imports by two thirds to meet the needs.
Despite the problems associated with the Italian tanneries, such as the reduction of the profitability of the United States dollar currency exchange rate, the trade protection policies of individual countries and the increase in the raw material cost of raw materials for tanning, the overall Italian leather industry exports in 2006 were The good news is that the amount of leather exported to Indonesia, India and Russia is on the rise as well as the volume of leather exported to China. In addition, the Italian tannery export market will also extend to the Far East.
Third, the Turkish leather industry
1, Turkey leather industry overview
The Turkish leather industry, which has long been known for its history, was once the center of the world trade and is still regarded as one of the six largest leather markets in the world. The Turkish leather industry has made great strides in recent years, and now Turkey exports not only leather products but also leather processing technology, equipment and proprietary processes. Turkey slaughters 3 million heads each year; sheep slaughters 1,500-17,000,000 heads; and goats slaughters 4,500-5,000,000 heads. The Turkish tannery consumes 80 million sheepskin and 5.5 million pieces of cowhide each year. The country imports 75% of its domestic sheep's wool and 46% of its domestic consumption annually.
2, Turkey's leather industry import and export profiles
Leather products are one of the pillar industries in Turkey's economy.
Leather garments, accessories and luggage products are among the top three products exported by the Turkish leather industry. In recent years Turkey has not only exported leather products, but also exported leather processing technology and equipment.
According to Turkish official statistics, the Turkish goatskin imports amount to 49 million, the main importing countries are Britain, Spain, Australia and the United States, of which the United States is the largest supplier of its imports accounted for 75% of total U.S. exports. Cowhide importing countries are the former Soviet Union, the import volume of 3.2 million (leather); followed by the United States (in 2003 the United States exports of Turkey's leather up nearly Liu Cheng). Turkish leather and products each year exports 8-10 billion US dollars, Bulgaria, Italy, Germany, France and Russia are its important export markets.
In the first six months of 2006, Turkey's fur exports reached 78.8 million U.S. dollars, up 29.1 percent from 61 million U.S. dollars in the same period of last year. For two consecutive years, Russia became the largest importer of Turkish fur, with imports reaching 38.17 million U.S. dollars. Germany, Turkey's second-largest importer of fur, imported $ 8.88 million, up 18.1% from a year earlier.
Fourth, the German leather industry
1, the German leather industry hit the world with leading products
Germany's leather industry, among the 25 EU member states, is among the leading countries in terms of production, import and export. Despite the impact of the wave of imports, the decline has not been as severe as that of other EU countries. Its strength and unique market advantage to maintain its position as one of the leading European countries. Germany has the world's largest finished shoes exhibition "GDS", held twice a year in Duesseldorf, Germany exports to the shoe provides a very convenient conditions. German leather industry belongs to the country's leather industry, an important pillar of professional, in Europe and the world are the most powerful, is its fist products, rely on product quality to win over others to win. German leather industry production positioning is mainly car seat leather and leather furniture, but also take into account the production of high-grade upper leather and leather leather products. Due to the high grade of the products, but also the orientation of fist products, so in recent years, the development of the German leather industry is successful. However, the domestic economic recession and the depreciation of the U.S. dollar, as well as the unfavorable factors such as the impact of imported products, have also created a lot of pressure on the development of the German tannery industry. At present, the German leather industry is making every effort to use its advanced equipment and competitive products (oil leather leather and car seat leather, etc.) to maintain its position in the international market.
2, the German leather industry international road to technological innovation to win
Although Germany has encountered various impacts, risks and difficulties, Germany's development prospects are promising. We hope that it will be placed on high-tech fields! Because high-tech is the strength of Germany! Particularly worth mentioning is that the high-tech content technology of the aerospace and automotive manufacturing industries has now begun to be used in the design of footwear and leather machinery, such as: shoe molding machine manufacturer-KlochnerDesma the aerospace industry finite element method and Sharpening technology is a direct reference to the shoemaking machinery; the patented Vacuum Embossing technology developed by Hornschuh, a Finishing Machinery Factory, reproduces very complex patterns without compromise, with much higher accuracy than anywhere in the world. All this is unmatched by other countries! In addition, Germany is still a chemical powerhouse. Europe's largest chemical industrial production area is concentrated on the Rhine. Large quantities of chemical products are continuously shipped to all over the world. Bayer MaterialScience and Elastogran are key manufacturing companies for PUs and TPRs and are the forerunners in the industry for technology development. In short, the German leather industry in the fierce competition in the international market, it is entirely possible to win with high technology, the future is optimistic.
Fifth, the Russian leather industry
1, the Russian leather industry overview
Russia has a long history of leather processing, is a traditional leather processing countries.
In the 1990s, the Russian leather industry shifted from the original manufactured goods export to the primary leather export. The domestic tanning and shoemaking industries were paralyzed or semi-paralyzed. Russia's leather industry production decline began in 1991, the lowest point in 1998 after the outbreak of the economic crisis, the revival in 1999. In 2002, Russia had 50 tanneries and 220 shoe factories. The leather industry's county output is 440 million square meters; the annual output of shoe factories is 160 million pairs. Due to the limited funds of the leather industrial enterprises, only 15-25% of the fur processing capacity in Russia is utilized and the supply of domestic leather products does not exceed 25%.
Much of the Russian market for leather products comes from Turkey, Germany, Spain and other European and Asian countries. Most of Russia's fur and leather raw materials are exported to Western Europe and Asian countries, of which 70% of the skins and 60-90% of the sheep's skins are exported. Consumption grade and European and American markets are quite different, each winter in Russia, about 750,000 women buy leather products, mainly clothing, leather products market value of 2.4 billion US dollars. At present, with the improvement of Russia's economy, the income of the middle class has gradually returned to the old level, and the purchasing power has also risen accordingly. Ladies like to wear daily leather coat, led the sale of such clothing. At the same time, leather merchants continue to develop new products based on market changes and consumer preferences for products and styles. Russian leather traders are still pursuing price concessions to attract customers and introduce affordable leather products such as fur hats, as well as sheepskin, rabbit skin, beaver fur and Russian lambskin leather.
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